Dieppe Raid in World War II

The Dieppe Raid took place during World War II (1939-1945).  Launched on August 19, 1942, it was an Allied effort to capture and occupy the port of Dieppe, France for a short period. The primary objective of the raid was to gather intelligence and test strategies for the invasion of Europe. Despite the element of surprise being lost, the operation went forward and was a complete failure. The largely Canadian forces that landed suffered losses of over 50%.  The lessons learned during the Dieppe Raid influenced later Allied amphibious operations. Background Following the Fall of France in June 1940, the British began developing and testing new amphibious tactics which would be needed in order to return to the Continent. Many of these were utilized during the commando operations conducted by Combined Operations. In 1941, with the Soviet Union under extreme pressure, Joseph Stalin asked Prime Minister Winston Churchill to expedite the opening of a second front. While British and Americans forces were not in a position to launch a major invasion, several large raids were discussed. In identifying potential targets, Allied planners sought to test tactics and strategies that could be used during the main invasion. Key among these was whether a large, fortified seaport could be captured intact during the initial phases of the attack. Also, while infantry landing techniques had been perfected during the commando operations, there was concern regarding the effectiveness of the landing craft designed to carry tanks and artillery, as well as questions regarding the German response to the landings. Moving forward, planners selected the town of Dieppe, in northwest France, as the target. The Allied Plan Designated Operation Rutter, preparations for the raid began with the goal of implementing the plan in July 1942. The plan called for paratroopers to land east and west of Dieppe to eliminate German artillery positions while the Canadian 2nd Division assaulted the town. In addition, the Royal Air Force would be present in force with the goal of drawing the Luftwaffe into battle. Embarking on July 5, the troops were aboard their ships when the fleet was attacked by German bombers. With the element of surprise eliminated, it was decided to cancel the mission. While most felt the raid was dead, Lord Louis Mountbatten, the head of Combined Operations, resurrected it on July 11 under the name Operation Jubilee. Working outside of the normal command structure, Mountbatten pressed for the raid to go forward on August 19. Due to the unofficial nature of his approach, his planners were forced to utilize intelligence that was months old. Changing the initial plan, Mountbatten replaced the paratroopers with commandos and added two flank attacks designed to capture the headlands that dominated Dieppes beaches. Fast Facts: Dieppe Raid Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: August 19, 1942Armies Commanders:AlliesLord Louis MountbattenMajor General John H. Roberts6,086 menGermanyField Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt1,500 menCasualties:Allies: 1,027 were killed and 2,340 were capturedGermany: 311 killed and 280 wounded Early Problems Departing on August 18, with Major General John H. Roberts in command, the raiding force moved across the Channel towards Dieppe. Issues quickly arose when the eastern commando forces ships encountered a German convoy. In the brief fight that followed, the commandos were scattered and only 18 successfully landed. Led by Major Peter Young, they moved inland and opened fire on the German artillery position. Lacking the men to capture it, Young was able to keep the Germans pinned down and away from their guns. Lieutant Colonel The Lord Lovat of No. 4 Commando, at Newhaven after returning from the Dieppe Raid. Public Domain Far to west, No. 4 Commando, under Lord Lovat, landed and quickly destroyed the other artillery battery. Next to land were the two flank attacks, one at Puys and the other at Pourville. Landing at Pourville, just to the east of Lovats commandos, Canadian troops were put ashore on the wrong side of the Scie River. As a result, they were forced to fight through town to gain the only bridge across the stream. Reaching the bridge, they were unable to get across and were forced to withdraw. To the east of Dieppe, Canadian and Scottish forces hit the beach at Puys. Arriving in disorganized waves, they encountered heavy German resistance and were unable to get off the beach. As the intensity of the German fire prevented rescue craft from approaching, the entire Puys force was either killed or captured. A Bloody Failure Despite the failures on the flanks, Roberts pressed on with the main assault. Landing around 5:20 AM, the first wave climbed up the steep pebble beach and encountered stiff German resistance. The attack on the eastern end of the beach was stopped completely, while some progress was made at the western end, where troops were able to move into a casino building. The infantrys armor support arrived late and only 27 of 58 tanks successfully made it ashore. Wounded on the beach at Dieppe, August 19, 1942. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-291-1205-14 / Koll / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Those that did were blocked from entering the town by an anti-tank wall. From his position on the destroyer HMS Calpe, Roberts was unaware that the initial assault was trapped on the beach and taking heavy fire from the headlands. Acting on fragments of radio messages which implied that his men were in the town, he ordered his reserve force to land. Taking fire all the way to the shore, they added to the confusion on the beach. Finally around 10:50 AM, Roberts became aware that the raid had turned into a disaster and ordered the troops to withdraw back to their ships. Due to heavy German fire, this proved difficult and many were left on the beach to become prisoners. The deadly result of enfilade fire during the Dieppe Raid of 1942: dead Canadian soldiers lie where they fell on Blue Beach. Trapped between the beach and fortified sea wall, they made easy targets for MG 34 machineguns in a German bunker. The bunker firing slit is visible in the distance, just above the German soldiers head. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-291-1205-14 / Koll / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Aftermath Of the 6,090 Allied troops that took part in the Dieppe Raid, 1,027 were killed and 2,340 were captured. This loss represented 55% of Roberts total force. Of the 1,500 Germans tasked with defending Dieppe, losses totaled around 311 killed and 280 wounded. Severely criticized after the raid, Mountbatten defended his actions, citing that, despite its failure, it provided vital lessons which would be used later in Normandy. In addition, the raid led Allied planners to drop the notion of capturing a seaport during the initial stages of the invasion, as well as showed the importance of pre-invasion bombardments and naval gunfire support.

Is Sloth Not A Common Problem - 1025 Words

In this modern day, most people would look at the word, sloth, and immediately define it as laziness; but it takes our own willfulness to act as such. We might not see it that way, but sloth is not just doing nothing- or being lazy, no, sloth can and does happen when one is too busy doing a great many other tasks other that what we need to do- distraction a common problem in today’s society. We are too busy to focus on what matters because â€Å"our hectic lives are examples of the narcotic effect of acedia among us, the â€Å"spiritual morphine† that Norris wrote about. All this activity is a way of coping with pain† (Senkbeil, 2014). Sloth itself is a sort of neglect, it keeps one from their priorities, disguising itself as the great many other commitments that must be completed on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. Keeping busy, because they would otherwise be perceived as lazy or slothful is not the answer; â€Å"We are constantly busy; we can’t po ssibly be accused of being slothful or lazy† (Senkbeil)! But note that according to McMartin, â€Å"both laziness and workaholism can be potential symptoms of the deeper spiritual vice of acedia† (2013) but not sloth itself. â€Å"We miss opportunities because of wrong investment. This leads to emptiness (in our life, mind, and soul). Then it leads to consequence, which leads to excuses. We make excuses and give in to circumstance, which empowers our situation and disempowers us† (Gilligan, 2016)! Instead there must be a diligent effort toShow MoreRelated7 Deadly Sins: Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesgoods and the attendant power. †¢ a fearful need to store up surplus goods for a vaguely defined time of want. †¢ a desire for more earthly goods for their own sake. - The Greed of Power The real problem here is more the desire for power than the actual greed. 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Mongols in the Middle East Free Essays

The Mongols were raiders, clan warriors, and rulers of a transcontinental empire in the thirteen century.   Also referred to as the Tatars and barbarians, they conquered Persia before moving on to Europe with the Khan of Khans, Genghis Khan as their most important leader.   Eventually the Mongols made an empire for themselves which is known as the largest contiguous empire in world history. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongols in the Middle East or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Europe, the Mongols first attacked Hungary in the year 1241.   They smashed all military opposition in Poland and the Balkans before regrouping to push west.   The Mongol invasion of all Europe could have been completed in the course of a year.   However, an unexpected message arrived to call back all Mongols to Genghis Khan.   Europe was partly delivered.   But Islam was not. By the year 1220, the Mongols had captured Samarkand and Bukhara.   And, in the year 1255, the Mongol rulers of Persia went to war against the Caliph of Islam in Baghdad.   Led by Genghis Khan’s grandson, Hulagu Khan, they invaded Syria and Palestine, and in 1258, captured Baghdad, destroying the city and killing the Abbasid Caliph in the process. Baghdad, before the Mongol invasion, was one of the centers of intellectual activity for the entire globe.   By attacking the center, the Mongols pretty much snuffed out the intellectual flowering of the time.   Besides, the city had had its agriculture supported by a canal network thousands of years in age.   The Mongols also destroyed the physical structure of Baghdad – before then referred to as the City of Peace – by filling in the irrigation canals and leaving Iraq  too depopulated to restore them.   The barbarians had killed around eighty thousand people of Baghdad. After Baghdad, the Mongols marched westward, but were halted at Ayn Jalut, one of the decisive battlefields of history near Nazareth in Israel.   In the year 1260, the Turkish and Egyptian forces routed the Mongols at Ayn Jalut, thereby preventing the enemy from attacking Egypt and North Africa.   The Golden Horde Mongols of Russia sided with the Turks and the Egyptians to turn against their own kind. By coming into contact with the Muslims through invasions, countless Mongols began to embrace Islam.   Ghazan Khan Mahmud, a Mongol ruler, officially adopted Islam as the religion of the state at the dawn of the fourteenth century.   During this period, the Mongols built mosques and schools, and patronized all sorts of scholarship. Then again, Tamerlane, the world conqueror, appeared among the Mongols, leading the barbarian forces to sweep down on Central Asia, India, Iran, Iraq, and Syria; occupying Aleppo and Damascus; and threatening the Mamluks.   The Muslims survived their invaders.   Nonetheless, the damage had been done.   Some of the regions occupied by the Muslims in the past did never recover fully, and the Muslim empire never fully regained its enormous power held in the past. The Mongol invasions happened to be a major cause of subsequent decline that set in throughout the heartland of the Arab East.   The Mongols, in their sweep through the Muslim world, had killed and deported innumerable scholars as well as scientists; destroyed libraries along with their irreplaceable works; and thereby set the stage for general intellectual decline in the Middle East.   By wiping out the invaluable cultural, scientific, and technological legacy that  the Muslim scholars had been preserving for some five hundred years – the Mongols had left an indelible mark on the minds of the Middle Easterners.   After the Mongols, the Middle East never really reached the height of intellectual supremacy it once had reached. The Mongols came to rule the entire Middle East except for Egypt.   Traditionally the worshippers of heaven, the Mongols had believed in their divine right to rule the entire world.   The Muslims in the Middle East had also believed in their own supremacy until this time.   This is because the Holy Qur’an had referred to the believers as the best of communities raised on earth.   The Mongol invasions were a bitter disappointment for the Muslims of the Middle East, seeing that they showed how the great Muslim Caliphate could be routed easily by a band of barbarians. A serious setback for the Muslims of the Middle East, Mongols ruled the Middle Easterners from Persia instead of Baghdad, crushing the Arab sense of superiority in the process.   The masters had turned into subjects.   This, indeed, was an important lesson for Middle Easterners, seeing that the events of the centuries to come held even greater blows in store for them. Muslim historians have asserted that the Mongol invasion of the Middle East was a punishment from God for the rulers of the Muslim world that had turned to corruption.   Moreover, God does not tolerate arrogance on the part of a race that comes to rule another.   The Middle Easterners had, by this time, seen tremendous successes almost everywhere in the world.   And yet, the Abbasids had overthrown the Umayyads, thereby setting the stage for Middle Eastern decline.   This is because Islam does not set brother against brother.   It may very well be that rulers from the Middle East had begun overthrowing one another for power alone rather than  Islam.   In fact, the same pattern was applied among the Mughal emperors of the subcontinent, who too were eventually overthrown by â€Å"outsiders†. When the Ottomans were overthrown by â€Å"outsiders† after the First World War, it was a reminder for the Muslim world.   As a matter of fact, the Mongols were brought to mind.   Once again, the Muslim Caliphate had been done away with. One of the reasons cited by Muslim scholars for the fall of the Muslim Caliphate is that many of the caliphs who came after Prophet Muhammad and his friends, Abu Bakr, Usman, Umar, and Ali – were defeated because they had built grand empires at the cost of discarding thoughts about the afterlife.   In fact, right up to the Ottomans, the Muslims had formed a truly magnificent empire. Harems were common, and there was just too much excitement over worldly affairs to let the afterlife be of much concern to the rulers as well as their subjects.   In actuality, Muslims are meant to be focused on the afterlife instead of worldly affairs.   Even though the grandeur of David and Solomon is not disdained, many of the caliphs of Islam after the first few ones are truly known to have turned too much attention on worldly affairs.   This, according to Muslim historians, was one of the chief causes of Middle Eastern decline. The Mongols stay in the consciousness of the Middle Easterners today as a reminder of the brutal past – a past for which only they were held responsible.   The reminder is beneficial.   In point of fact, the history of the Mongols among the Middle Easterners is only meant to bring the Muslims of the Middle East closer to God, and the real spirit of Islam.       How to cite Mongols in the Middle East, Essay examples

Defining Success free essay sample

I think the correct definition of success is being healthy, having a career that is fulfilling to myself, having the ability to have financial freedom, having a happy home and family, having a healthy relationship with a significant other, and being someone who you are genuinely proud of being. In order to be a successful person and do all the things you need to do to get to your, â€Å"desired outcome,† you need to be a healthy person. Being healthy could mean working out every day or in my case it would mean playing field hockey, which is something that I am passionate about doing, so that makes playing fun. I strongly believe that being active affects the level of happiness you bring to your life. Every person has their own passions and their own interests in different topics. I have a strong interest in the Medical field and everything that has to do with Anatomy and Biology likewise I love working with people so my dream is to become an anesthesiologist. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order for me to define my career as successful I want to have full days of helping others. I want to be ready to go home at the end of the day, and wake up excited to go to work. I believe my success will be directly linked to my background. When I was younger I watched my single mom struggle. I know it was really hard for her because she was going to school, working full time, and taking me back and forth from day care. Because of her I never had a doubt in my mind about going to college, it was just something I knew I was going to do, but I wasn’t sure what I was going to do in school until my aunt got sick; every day I watched her suffer in pain because of what her cancer was doing to her and I remember saying to my mom, â€Å"I want to help her. That’s when the anesthesiologist came in and gave her a shot that stopped the pain, and from then on I thought of anesthesiologists as heroes. The career path I have chosen will bring me financial freedom. One of my biggest goals in life is to never have to worry about how I’m going to pay my next bill. My ideal finial life style is having enough money to sustain my ideal lifestyle, which wou ld mean a lot of traveling and having a beautiful house. Happiness is in the home. I want to have a beautiful home where I come home and relax and going swimming in my heated pool! I think a good family is a support system, and life throws curve balls, so in order for everyone in the household to be successful as well I would need to have a family that has good communication, humor, support one another, and most of all a lot of love. I want to come home to a house full of happy people and live as a true family who doesn’t fight 24/7, because then life would be not only tolerable but worth living too. In order to have my ideal family, I need a significant other. I would describe my perfect significant other as someone who makes me feel confident in everything that I do, they would motivate me to better myself, they would communicate well, and most of all I want to be in love. I never want to have a doubt about my husband if I get married, because I feel marriage should be something you don’t even have to think about, you should never think, â€Å"do I really want to spend the rest of my life with this person? I feel it should just all flow together and when the time comes and he asks you to marry him it should be an automatic, â€Å"yes. † Being someone who you are proud of being is something that a lot of people tend to look past these days. If you set personal goals and achieve them that is something to be proud of, whether those goals are rearranging your bedroom, volunteering, or even huge goals of going back to college it will make you feel better. Even though you would think that being someone your proud of would only affect you your wrong because people that are proud bring passion to life and that affects other people, you could end up inspiring someone to better themselves. To be successful in life everyone should define what success means to them. You’re always going to have struggles in life, but you need to push though them in order to live the life you want. Drive yourself to take your passion and your fears and challenge them, push yourself out of your comfort zones. As Bill Gates would say, â€Å"Life is not fair; get used to it. †