Albert Einstein A Hero And A Villain - 2043 Words

Blanco 1 Blanco 1 Liset Blanco Professor V. Moore English 114 07/13/17 The Story of a Hero and a Villain In this essay will discuss the story of a hero and the story of a villain. Power, control and supremacy are the main traits of the deadliest dictator of all-time; During World War II Adolf Hitler brutally murder and torture millions of Jewish people making him one of the evilest men in history. On the other hand, we have the brilliant and innovative Albert Einstein one of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. A hero admired by many due to his accomplishments in the field of science. For those reasons, these two influential and unforgettable men will forever be ingrained in our minds. Einstein will be remembered because of his†¦show more content†¦Consequently, he grew up with his mother and sister. Hitler had a difficult childhood, and did not do well in school. According to the Biography in the national Jewish library â€Å"The young Hitler was a resentful, discontented child. Moody, lazy of unstable temperament, and he was deeply h ostile toward his father and strongly attached to his mother. (â€Å"Adolf Hitler†). At the age of 16 he moved to Vienna to attend art school but eventually that did not worked. A few years later, Hitler’s mother passed away of breast cancer at the age of 47. Her death was sudden and unexpected. What s more, in 1913, an in attempt to evade the Austria-Hungary Military Service Hitler left Vienna for Munich where he joined the Bavarian Army and served during all WW1 on the western front as a dispatch runner (â€Å"History†). Then in 1919 he joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) and by â€Å"1921 Hitler was recognized as Fuhrer of a movement which had 3,000 members, and boosted his personal power by organizing strong-arm squads to keep order at his meetings and break up those of his opponents.† (â€Å"Adolf Hitler.†). Slowly but surely Hitler was gaining momentum. He had found what it proved to be one of his most powerful tools â€Å"oratory skills†. Additionally, the same year he became the fuhrer, he gave the new party its symbol the â€Å"swastika† and its salutation â€Å"Heil†. He was a dramatic and manipulative speaker. He usedShow MoreRelatedMy Idea of a Scientist748 Words   |  3 Pagesenvision a scientist and what it is I imagine a scientist does. I will also discuss how they are portrayed in fictional media and how society views scientist in the media. When I hear the word scientist, the first person that comes to mind is Albert Einstein, Dr. Benton Quest from Johnny Quest, and Dexter from Dexters Laboratory. I envision an older person with the crazy hair and bushy eyebrows. I see them in a long white lab coat trying different experiments. A scientist is very inquisitive. TheyRead MoreWilliam Gilbert And Dr. Jekyll1079 Words   |  5 Pagescome to the scientists mind. 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Public Sector Is A Government Run Organisation

Organisational sectors can be seperatred for the most part into 3 camps; Public sector - Is a government run organisation (HMRC) which takes money from the public in the form of taxes, and allocates some of the funds to to other public sector organisations, (such as the Met. Police Service) to finance them the majority of them so they can keep in operation. These sort of organisations usually aim to serve the publics interest with essential services ( Again, such as the police and medical services). From a Legal stand point, as its the public sector and is funded by the public, the government (parliament, HMRC) is in charge of regulating the sector and insuring the allocated funds are distributed and used how they should be. Due to its basic structure its fundamentily different to the other sectors, that are mainly finance by inhouse sources or privatley earned money as opposed to state tax. 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BBC Product or Services World War II

Question: On the Stages of product/service to illustrate your design concept) please explain all the stages of product or service modification in relation to the product of service. Also on :Analysis of the impact of performance objectives on the design, this includes the five [performance objectives which are speed,cost, flexibility, dependability and quality still on the product or service. Answer: Introduction This paper describes the various aspects of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the BBC service in the marketplace. This paper enables to determine the BBC service, important process of the BBC service design, objective of the service process design, steps of the BBC service design concept and impact of performance objectives the service design. This paper successfully spelled out the BBC service in the current market. Indeed, the BBC is the public service broadcaster of the UK. It is a world oldest broadcasting firm. It is established under a Royal Charter and work under the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Support agreement. John Reith was the founder of the BBC and its headquarter located in London. It is funded by Annual Television License fee that is charged all companies, British households and organization kinds of equipment to receive television broadcasts. The BBC revenue comes from commercial sector of the BBC Worl dwide Ltd that sells BBC services and programs abroad. The five minutes news bulletin and episodes available in BBC and iPlayer Radio are the new service of the BBC. (Bignell 2012). Introduction of the BBC services: Television, Radio, News, Internet, Interactive television, Music and Ceefax are the popularized service of the BBC. Television: BBC One and BBC Two channels operates by the BBC in the United Kingdom. The BBC operates many digital stations such as BBC News, BBC News, BBC Parliament, CBeebies, two childrens channels and CBBC. Digital television used in the United Kingdom. Further, BBC One is a well known TV service that provides opt-outs through the day for local news. Scotland, Northen Ireland and Scotland are carried out locally on BBC One and Two. BBC Two variations exist in the country. (Masterson Pickton 2014). Radio: The BBC has radio stations that provide services in the United Kingdom. The BBC has six stations in national level and forty station local stations. Out of ten stations, five are available on FM and AM as well as DAB. BBC Radio 1 is offering new music. BBC Radio 1 is playing adult contemporary music amongst several other genres. BBC Radio 3 is an offering classical and jazz music. BBC Radio 4 is concentrating on current affairs, factual involves drama and comedy. BBC Radio 5 Live is broadcasting 24-hour news. (Smith 2012). News: It is one of the largest broadcasting news operations in the world that provides service to BBC domestic radio along with television networks such as BBC World News and BBC News BBC Parliament. It is developing new ways to evaluate the BBC News. At the time, 40000 pages requested per second for the BBC New website that is showing the popularity of the services. (Charlesworth 2014). Internet: The BBC online includes archive and comprehensive news website. The website is funded through the License fee. But, they used GeoIP technology for the website. Due to internet facility, technology is growing day to day in the worldwide market that is a significant service of the BBC. Further, the center of the website is the homepage that features a modular layout. User can use modules, information and homepage as per their choice. The homepage linked with the micro-sites such as Sports, TV, Weather, Radio and BBC News Online. (Smith 2012). Interactive television: The BBC Red Button is the popular brand for the interactive television services that available through the Freesat, Virgin Media, Unlike Ceefax, Freeview, and Sky. It is a caliber to display full-color photographs, video and graphics along with programs. (Charlesworth 2014). Music: The popular musician the Beatles played for the BBC. It is responsible for the UK that covers the Eurovision Song Contest. It operates the division of the BBC Audiobooks that found in linked with Chivers Audiobooks. (Smith 2012). Ceefax: The BBC provided the first teletext service that known as Ceefax. It is a becoming a popular service in the worldwide market. It presented informational pages such as Sports, Weather and News. (Masterson Pickton 2014). The importance of the BBC service and product process design: The BBC services established the worlds most respected voices in the abroad broadcasting. The BBC broadcasting services in 43 languages. The BBC majority staffs are based in Bush House in United Kingdom. The BBC provides services more than information and news. It is a not limited to new broadcasting while it has more product or services. They got their funds from the British government department such as the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office that indication the significant role of the BBC. It staffs a global network of satellite, FM and other kinds of broadcasting partners that rebroadcast data in the world. It is a significant service of the BBC that use of online and streaming media technology to broadcast through the web. The BBC provides public satisfaction through accurate and trusted figure about the provided information and news that is significant of the BBC. The BBC provides best services through its studio production processes. The BBC designs the website for the people t o collect the information and news about the world that is significant services of it. It saves people time to collect information and news from any sources. So, it became popularized in the worldwide broadcasting market. (Belair-Gagnon 2015). Further, the BBC provides good quality product to their customers to raise the technology awareness in the worldwide. These are the importance of the BBC product that is described below: It raises the productivity across all platforms. (Baade 2012). It raises the on-air content capacity. It raises the resiliency due to 99.99 percent availability. (Baade 2012). Objective of service process design: The BBC provides the abroad based services to an audience all over the world. These are the main objectives of the BBC service to process design that is described below: Make world-class content: The BBC provides the portfolio of programs and deliver creative audience to make world class content in the world. It is a significant objective of the BBC that makes it one of the best world-class content. (El-Haik Roy 2005). Transform our offer to youth generation: Youth audience is the viewer of the BBC news. They help to spread the news in the community. It raises the services quality for the youth audience. They transfer the BBC offers to youth to raise the innovation in the online world that would be beneficial for the organization growth and success. (Dimitris 2012). Develop a more personal BBC: The objective of the BBC is to collect more people to sign in for better services. They focus to develop open and collaborative behavior in the organization to raise the service quality of it. It is a significant part of the BBC to raise the personal experience of it. (El-Haik Roy 2005). Demonstrate value for money in every area of our work: The BBC is delivering the saving plans. Therefore, we can reinvest in strategies that is objectives of the BBC to raise the quality of the BBC service. They focus to make the BBC simpler and better place where people can work together with them. The BBC is delivering the comprehensive compare plans for the all organization in July 2015. (Sakao Lindahl 2009). Sustaining citizenship and civil society: It is a significant objective of the BBC services is to raise the citizenship and civil society living of standard through delivering quality service. They offer new jobs for citizenship and civil society to raise the life style of the people that is showing the social services of the BBC. (Dimitris 2012). Connect audience to understand and interact with the variety of media: It helps people to become media literate through information technologies. It will help to engage an audience with media that is a significant objective of the BBC service. It helps audience to collect information about the media in the world. (El-Haik Roy 2005). Stages of the BBC product or service design concept: The BBC developed the new service design concept for the customers through the following steps that is described below: Understand customers their experience: It is a first step of the BBC product or servce design concept. The BBC team tried to understand the customer through observation. The BBC analyzes that how they experience services and how they fit into lives and how to improve their services in the worldwide market. The BBC evaluates the public opinion through online research data and achieves the organizational objective and goals. (Masterson Pickton 2014). Imagine the new service scenario: The BBC defines the concept visually, clearly and find out the benefit, need and value. It focuses on that how customers interact with the BBC. The BBC adopted new creative service in their website to attract youth. They find new way to present the news and information to attract the people. People are aware with the BBC credibility of the news to attract new people. (Masterson Pickton 2014). Test services in the world: The BBC service design concept should be tested for relevant customers. They should test their service design before launch in the market because it helps to evaluate the customer requirement about the specific service. Different people have different desire or needs. So, tested is necessary to understand the people demands. (Schermerhorn 2011). Design service and business requirements: After proven of the design concept of the BBC. The BBC should develop customer oriented business model for the new services. They should design concept requirement of the business. It is a significant design concept of the BBC. Conduct exihibition: It is significant step of the BBC product or service design concept that sales the BBC product or service in exhibition to get people view on the specific product or service. It will help to understand people demand in the market. Features of product or services: The BBC should produce extra features in the product or service to fulfill the differenct kinds of cosumer need or demands. The different people have a different opinion that can be fulfilled by the varieties of the product or service Create a proposal for your company: It is the significant service design concept of the BBC. They should create proposals that how to implement the service design concept of the BBC. The BBC should consult with people through research on the specific services. (Masterson Pickton 2014). Idea generation: It is a significant last stage of the BBC. It helps to generate new idea for the varieties of product that helps to fulfill consumer demand or needs. The different people have a different opinion. So, new idea will help to manufacture product as per new customer demand. Analysis the impact of the performance objective: Flexibility, quality, speed, dependability and costs are the performance objectives that affect designs of the BBC service that is described below: Flexibility: The BBC should maintain a flexible policy in broadcasting programs that would be beneficial for the long term growth. They should maintain flexible hour time to broadcast radio FM program to different viewers. (Jaipuria Zhang 2011). Quality: Quality of content is necessary for it. Because of it attract the customers, if they got correct and authentic content. The BBC ensures the quality of the matter that posted on the website because many people read it. (Masterson Pickton 2014). Speed: It is a significant performance objective of the BBC because it is a broadcasting company that provides news and information that require high speed in delivering news and information to an audience. (Schermerhorn 2011). Dependability: Dependability has significant impact on performance objectives. People depend on the BBC for daily news and information. So, they should maintain authenticity and accuracy about news and information that they want to deliver to an audience. Then, an audience will be impacted on it. The BBC depends on the popular musician such as Beatles to music related broadcasting programs. So, the BBC should hire a popular musician in the company that would raise the credibility of it. (Masterson Pickton 2014). Cost: It is a significant impact of the performance objectives. A low cost service always attracts customers. So, the BBC should charge low fees in television, radio broadcasting programs. (Jaipuria Zhang 2011). Conclusion On the basis of the above analysis, concluded that clarity in the BBC product or services, objective of products or service process design, steps of the BBC product design concept, significant process of the BBC and impact of performance objectives of the product design as well as high ability to adopt new technology in the BBC helps to maintain its position in the competitive market. However, the BBC is one of the fast growing companies in the worldwide due to its product or service quality. The recommendations for the BBC are described below: The BBC should deliver the service as per clients requirement that attract new clients in the organization. The BBC should produce cost effective service that attract new buyer of it. The BBC should provide update information because it deals in information sector that require latest news and information. The BBC should provide authentic data that would raise the people trust on it. References Baade, CL, 2012, Victory Through Harmony: The BBC and Popular Music in World War II, Oxford University Press, New York. Belair-Gagnon, V, 2015, Social Media at BBC News: The Re-Making of Crisis Reporting, Routledge, New York. Bignell, J, 2012, An Introduction to Television Studies, Routledge, New York. Charlesworth, A, 2014, An Introduction to Social Media Marketing, Routledge, New York. Dimitris, K, 2012, Services Customization Using Web Technologies, IGI Global, New York. Drury, C, 2005, Management Accounting for Business, Cengage Learning EMEA, New Jersey. El-Haik, B, Roy, DM, 2005, Service Design for Six Sigma: A Roadmap for Excellence, John Wiley Sons, New York. Fairhurst, C, 2014, Analysis and Design Methods: Comprehensive Rock Engineering: Principles, Practice and Projects, Elsevier, Washington. Ferreira, A, Otley, D, 2009, The design and use of performance management systems: An extended framework for analysis, Management accounting research, 20(4), pp. 263-282. Jaipuria, S Zhang, Z, 2011, Impact of Performance Goals on the Needs of Highway Infrastructure Maintenance, Southwest Region University Transportation Center, New Jersey. Kloot, L, Martin, J, 2000, Strategic performance management: A balanced approach to performance management issues in local government, Management Accounting Research, 11(2), pp. 231-251. Kusic, D, Kephart, JO, Hanson, JE, Kandasamy, N, Jiang, G, 2009, Power and performance management of virtualized computing environments via lookahead control, Cluster computing, 12(1), pp. 1-15. Macintyre, M, Parry, G, Angelis, J, 2011, Service Design and Delivery, Springer Science Business Media, Washington. Masterson, R Pickton, D, 2014, Marketing: An Introduction, SAGE, New Jersey. Otley, D, 2001, Extending the boundaries of management accounting research: developing systems for performance management, The British Accounting Review, 33(3), pp. 243-261. Schermerhorn, JR, 2011, Exploring Management, John Wiley Sons, New York. Sakao, T, Lindahl, M, 2009, Introduction to Product/Service-System Design, Springer Science Business Media, New Jersey. Slack, N, Chambers, S, Johnston, R, 2007, Operations management, Prentice Hall/Financial Times, Washington. Smith, A, 2012, Introduction to Sport Marketing, Routledge, New York. Smith, N, Smith, V, Verner, M, 2006. Do women in top management affect firm performance? A panel study of 2,500 Danish firms, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(7), pp. 569-593.

The Silent Generation The Catcher in the Rye Essay Example

The Silent Generation: The Catcher in the Rye Essay Analysis of American Silent Coevals From Holden, the Hero inThe Catcher in theRye I. Introduction We will write a custom essay sample on The Silent Generation: The Catcher in the Rye specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Silent Generation: The Catcher in the Rye specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Silent Generation: The Catcher in the Rye specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Catcher in the Ryeis the lone full-length novel by J.D. Salinger. Through the experiences of the hero, Holden Caulfield, the writer described a image of the complex religious universe of the adolescents after WWII. These adolescents used their particular ways to demo their dissatisfaction about the existent universe. When the book has come out, there were many positions on it, and Holden besides became a controversial figure. Person thought he was a hero, but others considered him as a rebellious kid. He seemed to stay in his proper sphere, but he did hold a ungratified bosom. He was dissatisfied with the existent society, existent school and some people around him, but he neer showed his opposition, merely utilize the â€Å"A Q spirit† to soothe himself. Law-abiding visual aspect, lacking of enterprising, down bosom -all of these characteristics proved that Holden is a typical representative of the Silent Generation. Silent Generation is a particular group of people, which sprung up after the World War II. About 50 million Americans were born to the Silent Generation in America from the beginning of 1925 through 1942. Before them were the alleged G.I. Generation and after them the Boom Generation, so the X, and now the Millennial.The ideas and thoughts of this group had by and large changed. They were used to bask the comfy life and indifferent to the society and the universe. They were non willing to demo their imaginativeness and their creative activities, but in their bosom they still had the ideas in progress and alteration. They were pantie of words and non had the desire to be a leader. All these behaviours and characteristics were shown on Holden. This paper will turn out that prove that Holden is the typical representative of the Silent Generation of Americaiwith the analysis of the common land between Holden and the Silent Generation of American. II. Aboutthe Catcher In theRye The Catcher in the Ryewritten by the American author Salinger has a great influence in literature of American even the universe. It was regarded as a authoritative. When the novel came out, it instantly became a hit. The experiences and ideas of the hero, Holden aroused the great common in the adolescence. It became truly popular among the reader, particularly in the senior and college pupils. The hero, Holden was born in a affluent, middle-class household in New York. Every twenty-four hours he was free and hung here and at that place. The instructors in the school and his parents forced him to analyze hard in order to hold a great hereafter ( to purchase a Cadillac ) . But Holden disagreed with the people’s behaviour around him. He thought all of them were rather hypocritical. So he didn’t pay his attending to his survey. Because of that, he was ever punished by his instructors and school. After the Forth expelled by the school, he dared non travel place because he was afraid of being scolded by his parents. So he went to the most bustling topographic point of America -New York City. There he spent one twenty-four hours and two darks. His life here seemed to be excessive and dissipated ; meanwhile, he was really down in his bosom. He wanted to get away from the hypocritical grownup universe to happen the artlessness the universe doomed. He told his sister: â€Å"I maintain visualizing all these small childs playing some game in this large field of large, I mean -except me. And I’m standing on the border of some brainsick drop. What I’m have to make, I have to catch everybody if they start to travel over the drop -I mean, if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re traveling I have to come out from someplace and catch them. That’s all I’d do all twenty-four hours. I’d merely be the backstop in the rye and all. I know it is brainsick, but that’s the Lone thing I’d truly like to be.† The author Jerome David Salinger was besides born in a affluent household in New York. Because of his particular household background, his life perusal and life in the military school and his life during the war, Salinger had particular inspiration and creative activities in his work. After his retirement from the ground forces in 1946, he finished this full-length novel, which caused a esthesis in the universe. III. The Silent Coevals For America and Americans, the 1950s was one of the most particular ages. Experienced series unrest events, including the World War II, the thoughts and ideas in American society had great alterations. The adolescents, who were born and grew up in this clip, were merely like the people who were vibrating on the border of the drop, perplexing on their manner in the hereafter. There were ideals and aspirations in their bosom of the Black Marias. However, populating in the meantime of history, they didn’t acquire the chance to demo their passion and enthusiasm. They struggled with conflicted ethical motives, thoughts, and desires. So they learnt to conform ; they learnt to state YES. But there was still a sense of depression in their bosom. They wanted Rebel. Faced with the existent universe, they chose to maintain silent to the society, and didn’t care the current events at all. They, in a nutshell, were a particular coevals in American history the Silent Generation. The Cause of the Silent Generation The United States after the World War II was in a period of profusion and prosperity, with the economic system lifting at a rapid velocity. The material life was significantly improved, excessively. The new theoretical account of the economic system pushed the formation of a big in-between category. The comfy and expansive life style made the young person change their attending to the joy of the modern society. They started to dance, to party, to live together, even to imbibe and take drugs. Money progressively became the focal point of their lives. The ideal and the chase were worn down by the utilitarianism. In the stuff society, they merely wanted to bask the comfy life. But the world made them worried about their hereafter. With these facts, they chose to lock their ain Black Marias. Faced with the mutable universe, they ever kept remain apathetic and wait-and-see attitude. The World War II had awful psychological emphasis among the American young person. The hideous scene of the war, Nazi’s cruel aggression to other states and the atomic bombardment in Hiroshima and Nagasaki which caused 100s of 1000s decease in Japan, all of those impacted the traditional values and thoughts in Americans. Without a new belief and religion of the young person, they were in an unstable psychological phase. In add-on to this, the Cold War, the foreign policy and the war of aggression against Korea were besides the grounds which caused progressively heavy horror of the war. On the political forepart, the monopoly capital played a more and more of import function in many Fieldss, including economic system, the policy even Americans day-to-day life. Under this state of affairs, the young person saw no visible radiation in their hereafter and felt hopeless. On the top of this, the authorities implemented the McCarthyism domestically, which made the whole state in a closed province. Under the heavy force per unit area of the economic system, society and political relations, immense alterations came out in the youth’s positions of life and value. All the alterations led a great impact between the traditional and the new thoughts in the youth’s Black Marias, and the ambivalency that they didn’t satisfy with the existent society and the state but they had to obey all of the regulations. This besides led the progressively locked Black Marias, the deficiency of imaginativeness and creative activity and the indifference to the political. All of these were the chief grounds for the formation of the Silent Generation. The Common Features of the Silent Generation As a particular group in American, the Silent Generation had its ain particular characteristic. Populating in an unrest age, their words, behaviours and ideas were wholly different from those in other times. The Thoughts of the Silent Generation The most outstanding characteristic of the Silent Generation, as their name, is soundless. Wordless and incommunicative seemed to be their common evidences. Among this group, no 1 wanted to show themselves, even that they didn’t want to state what they thought and what they felt in their Black Marias. They were non interested in the things such as demoing their faces in public and demoing off at all. They hated to do pretentious show of ability. Even they had a sense of hatred to aggressiveness and imaginativeness. What they worshipped was the individual who was smooth and slick and able to delight everyone -this individual was ever called the societal butterfly. This sort of people neer to be outstanding among people and was neer inordinately enthusiastic. They seemed really modest. The most obvious characteristic in their idea of the Silent Generation was that they denied the traditional advocators of individuality. They thought that individuality was to gain themselves at the sweep of others, and the behaviour would endanger corporate involvements. On the macroscopic position, they were against individuality. But when they faced with the existent jobs, and to cover with them, they were ever so single. The young person, who had a comfy and rich life, thought that all the great finds of human existences had been done and all the dreams had come true -they didn’t need to take part in the World War II and to be a war hero because they were born excessively late ; nor in the Vietnam War and to be a activist because they were born excessively early. It seemed that all they could make at that period was to bask the comfy life. The most of import thing they paid the most attending to is the economic security and the benefits and privilege in life. 2. The Behaviors of the Silent Generation This period was clip that the economic system in American was turning up at a surprising velocity. So the inner-silent young persons abandoned themselves into life of pleasance. But their behaviours were full of the rebellious colourss. They followed the societal watercourse to populate a life of orgy. They had forgotten the inhuman treatment of the war. As Louis Simpson’s verse formThe Silent Generation( this was the beginning of the name of this coevals ) : â€Å"†¦but today our calling had been vanishing. Our instruction was wasted in hanging in the street. We had energy for nil. And our life became more and more mysterious†¦ † , people and the society after the World War II became progressively effete. Under this juncture, all sorts bad wonts came one after another. Some of the young persons started to take drugs in order to convey themselves the alleged pleasance. They thought that drugs could convey them a new manner of thought and could do them to woolgather them a bright hereafter. Second, the young persons populating in this period ever had a sense of depression in this underside of their bosom. They thought they needed drugs to let go of their feeling. What’s more, the drugs could garner different people in different civilization and they could run into more friends. In their positions, basking drugs was basking their stuff wealth. For the drunken teens, possibly intoxicant was besides a manner to let go of them. With sexual release, more and more young persons chose to populate together with their male child or girl friends. Party, dance, drugs, intoxicant and cohabitation seemed to be the chief facets of the society. For all of these behaviours, even if they had the thought to defy, they could non change by reversal the way of thi s community-driven. While some members did go vocal militants, many were besides quiet, hardworking people who focused on acquiring things done and progressing their callings, even as they struggled with what to make with their lives. These people were by and large encouraged to conform to societal norms, and many did so. 3. The Attitude of the Silent Generation towards the Society The basic attitude to the American society of the Silent Generation that period was to follow the bulk and have no creative activity and imaginativeness by themselves. This attitude was obvious in every facet: from their political attitude, personal religion, the rules to do friends, to their words and behaviours, the apparels they chose, even the length of their hair. They liked to follow the societal use. The comfy life made them demo their indifference to the universe. They believed that the political events had nil to make with them and they did non hold to care them. They did non hold the desire to be a leader at that clip because they thought seting themselves in to complicated policy was stupid. No coevals has so little a repute as does the Silent. No coevals since the American Civil War has been so misunderstood and underestimated. The Silent Generation didn’t produce any president of the United States. However, witnessing such excessive and uneconomical life every twenty-four hours, the young persons had a great impact in their Black Marias. This made a prefiguration for the hereafter America. Over the following few decennaries, some of the major leaders of the chief runs of the United States were from the Silent Generation, for illustration, Martin Luther King, and Neil Armstrong. IV. Contemplation of Silent Generation in Holden Holden was the hero in Salinger’s novelthe Catcher in theRye. With the description of Holden’s experience in the New York City during one twenty-four hours and two darks, the writer showed us a life of orgy and the depression in his bosom by Holden’s words, behaviours, his apparels and so on. All of these evidenced that Holden was the typical representative of the Silent Generation. Meanwhile, from Holden, we can see that although this group did non care about the alteration of the universe, in their bosom there was still ideals and aspirations. Holden’s Wordss The most pronounced trait of Holden’s words is conversational every bit good as boyish. This theoretical account of linguistic communication non merely succeeded in depicting the American societal status and the provinces of head of the young person after the World War II, but besides accurately and vividly recorded the linguistic communication wonts of the young person at that period. Based on this, the writer added some bad linguistic communication and rude words, which was called â€Å"Holden’s language† subsequently. â€Å"The linguistic communication ofthe Catcher in theRyeis, as we have seen, an reliable artistic sundering of a type of informal, conversational, adolescent American spoken address. It is strongly typical and banal, yet frequently slightly single ; it is rough and slangy and imprecise, imitative yet on occasion inventive, and affected toward standardisation by the strong attempts of school, † the American literary critic Donald P. Costello said. Holden’s linguistic communication showed the universe of phantasy by himself every bit good as his rebellion, which gave us a image about the universe in teenager’s eyes which was wholly different from that in grownups. Meanwhile, the words of Holden besides had the characteristic same as the Silent Generation. Holden’s â€Å"Phony† about Mendacity It is easy for used to happen that the often used word of Holden is â€Å"phony† . â€Å"Phony† is a slang, which means unreal, pretended and non echt. From this often used word â€Å"phony† , it can non be hard to happen out that Holden kept observing icky motivations in the people. In his position, the 1 who wins awards through pretenses, the 1 who treats others otherwise harmonizing to their different societal or economic position and the 1 who offers something in order to acquire wagess are all bogus 1s. This was his remark to the mendacity. This word could be applied to everyplace. The school was hypocrite ; the schoolmaster was bogus ; the instructors were bogus ; the roomies were bogus ; his brother was bogus. The smiling he gave others was bogus ; the handshaking he took was bogus ; the missive person wrote was bogus. In his eyes, this was a bogus universe. But this did be the existent universe. Faced with the mutable society, he could non understand. He wanted to distribute himself from others. He merely used hypocrite to demo his loathe about the mendacity every bit good as his weakness to the universe. In his bosom, he merely wanted to continue his guiltless childhood. But he had to confront with the truth that he would step in to the hypocrite maturity subsequently. He was merely in a quandary. From Holden, we besides can acquire the image of the adolescents in American of that period -the Silent Generation. Just like Holden, they lived in a bogus universe, excessively. They saw the universe full of deceases and hurts because of wars ; they saw the people who got wealth by every agency ; they saw the society full of the people who were trailing the power and money ; they saw the apathetic feeling from individual to individual. What was crueler for them was that they had to follow themselves to the milieus. They could non every bit good as were willing non to show their thoughts. Gradually they began to indulge to the comfy life and learnt to maintain silent to the universe. Holden was merely a member of them. But we had to state that compared with other adolescence, Holden could be treated as a hero among them. Although he merely used the word â€Å"phony† to demo the unsatisfactory to the mendacity, he had the bravery to acquire some alterations and do remark. Holden’s Colloquial and Boyish Repetitions Through the whole novel, it was about full of spoken linguistic communication and slangs. This form of linguistic communication has non merely the typical and original character, but had some its ain personality. The writer added some coarse linguistic communication and informal words, which made Holden’s linguistic communication creative. In the novel, Holden truly liked to utilize expletive like â€Å"damn, hell† and others. And he ever described the things he disliked in overdone and insistent ways in order to contempt and cynicism about the things. Coarse linguistic communication were about in everyplace of this novels and could non advert one by one. Even Holden mentioned his favourite things he still used the corporate and bad words. For illustration, when he mentioned the ruddy hunting hat he truly liked, he used â€Å"goddamn runing cap† . This coarse conversational address had two significance. On the one manus, it showed that populating in such a society, Holden slid into bad societal wonts ; on the other manus, it showed that under such an environment, he felt down. He used the disgusting linguistic communication to show his unsatisfactory to the community in order to dispatch repressed emotion. Holden’s words were about informal conversational address. For illustration, Holden liked to utilize â€Å"old† to name person else. For case, he called his sister â€Å"Old Phoebe† . But in American, naming person old was non polite. Holden’s bad grammar construction besides showed his informal address. He changed the verse form â€Å" if a organic structure meet a organic structure coming through the rye† into â€Å"if a organic structure catch a organic structure through the rye† , but this error was used into the name of this novel. In Holden’s address, the boylike repeat was besides a type of colloquialism. Holden liked to utilize â€Å"and all† , â€Å"or nothing† , â€Å"and so on† and other stick oning linguistic communication to demo his feelings. This look showed that Holden did non desire to speak more with the bogus people and the bogus society. For the decadent society that he hated, Holden chose the apathetic attitude. Society showed its pandemonium and falsity to people. And Holden used his uncertainness and unclarity to return this community. This was his ain manner to show his idea and feelings. We can clearly see that the Silent Generation used the soundless words against this society. They did non care anything seemingly, but in their Black Marias, they were shouting! Besides, Holden liked to utilize â€Å"really† and â€Å"no kidding† to demo that what he said was confident, which ironic this undependable society and the hypocritical people. As representa tive of the Silent Generation, Holden voiced their choler and repulsion to the hypocritical universe. Holden’s Behaviors Holden’s Cynicism Holden’s Escapism from Reality Holden’s Quixotism Holden’s Appearance V. Conclusion

Beloved Adenuga Essays (983 words) - Economy, Unemployment, World

Beloved Adenuga Essays (983 words) - Economy, Unemployment, World Beloved Adenuga Professor Seifert ENGW 102 sec 10 13 September,2017 Unemployment of Graduates in Nigeria Nigeria is currently faced with a lot of problems which includes but not limited to Boko Haram insurgency in the northern part of Nigeria, poor infrastructures, unemployment, bad road, irregular power supply, inadequate health system s , environmental pollution s , disunity as some are fighting for a division of Nigeria into two separate countries-Biafra war. These problems are so numerous that it will take years of collective effort on the part of individual Nigerians to br ing this country into actualization as the giant of Africa. But t his research will focus majorly on the issue of graduate u nemployment in Nigeria. It will discuss the causes, the effect s and the solution to this problem . About 200,000 people graduate from universities yearly but majority of them end of not having job. Due to frustration, some of these graduates take jobs that pay below their qualifications or not even related to their field of study just to earn a living . That is, graduates that are meant to be working in factories, hospitals, business enterprises are found working in stores, in elementary schools or doing other low pay jobs. This issue is so bad that even those that are highly qualified for a job end up not getting it. Due to cumulative unemployment over the years, lot of people apply to few job vacancies, this makes getting job difficult because e mployees are forced to look beyond qualifications and employ people based on favoritism and connection s. There are various factors that cause the massive unemployment in Nigeria. The major cause is government corruption. The government embezzle funds and resources that are meant to create more job opportunities . Instead of investing m oney into building industries that will employ thousands of people, government officials prefer to use that money for personal enrichment. Another factor is that there are no favorable conditions like regular electricity supply , good roads to make existing industries strive. The absence of these conditions increases the expenses of existing companies causing them to fold-up and discourages foreign investors from coming to Nigeria. When existing companies fold up, the few employed people get unemployed leading to increased unemployment. Unemployment has made the youth s to think of dubious and negative ways to make money. There is a term referred to as "419" in Nigeria, this is a corrupt practice in which the victim is convinced to give mo ney to a stranger. Unemployed young men usually engage in this practice to extort money from ladies overseas by disguising to be someone else. Some other effect s of unemployment are t he increased robberies, kidnappings, drug trafficking and prostitution. If the issue of unemployment can be resolved there will be an overall decrease in crime rate. Nigeria is the number one country of origin of international students from Africa . According to data from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), the number of Nigerian students abroad in creased by 164 percent in the de cade between 2005 and 2015 alone- from 26,997 to 71,351 . This is also evident in the relatively large number of Nigerian here at Howard. This only depicts that unemployment in Nigeria get worse yearly therefore people consider studying abroad as a solu tion to unemployment . But studying abroad is not a solution to unemploy ment, Nigerians cannot continue to leave because of the fear of unemployment. So, somethings must be done to reduce unemployment. Government should create industrial friendly environment. Improvement of the power sector and transport systems will cut the production cost so that businesses can strive. Less taxes should be imposed on small scale businesses. These small-scale industries can grow to employ a good number of unemployed graduate given that they are supported and not just neglected . Strict laws against corruption should be established and enforced to prevent embezzlement of public funds by government officials I will be very detailed to enlighten people that are no t quite familiar with this issue in Nigeria . I will also be as analytical as possible by giving good estimates of figures where needed and

5 Minute Speech Topics on Euthanasia

5 Minute Speech Topics on Euthanasia 5 Minute Speech Topics on Euthanasia Writing about euthanasia is important because it is a currently debated topic, one about which laws are being made. It is therefore essential to understand some history behind the issue, how it is relevant today. If you are assigned with a 5 minute speech on this issue, then you can consider yourself quite lucky. Here you have 5 minute speech topics that are relevant and really interesting. After selecting one from the list, you need to define the purpose of your speech. The purpose might be to inform the readers or to persuade them. If you need help finding the topic you will use, consider the 20 examples below. Remember too that these are meant as guiding examples, and you might find one you want to use as it is, or one you want to slightly edit before putting it into use: Neil Campbell’s Problem with Voluntary Euthanasia Legislative Barriers to Legalizing Euthanasia Age Limitations to Access Legal Euthanasia Why Certain Conditions and Diseases Should Prohibit People from Choosing Euthanasia The Social Cost of Euthanasia Forced versus Voluntary Euthanasia: Which Is More Ethical The Psychological Burden on Medical Staff Administering Euthanasia The Ethics of Media Coverage for Voluntary Euthanasia Cases How Euthanasia Can Reduce Medical Costs: Circumventing Life Support and Its Expenses The Loss of Dignity and Self-Respect: When Euthanasia Is a Saving Grace Cultural Arguments Against Euthanasia: Why Not Everyone Can Agree Voluntary Euthanasia: A New Chapter for Capital Punishment Religions and Euthanasia: Where the Boundaries Lie Individual Freedom: When States Can Encroach upon It by Prohibiting Euthanasia Re-Considering Euthanasia as a Cure for Traditionally Incurable Diseases Dying with Dignity: The Argument for Euthanasia Ancient Greek Mercy Killings and Abortions: The Historical Roots of Euthanasia Euthanasia: The Right to Die The Freedom to Live, But Not to Die: The Constitutionality of Euthanasia Re-Defining the Role of Doctors: Bringers of Death The writing process can be long and arduous, but have no fear. By breaking it into smaller tasks it will be much easier to complete it in a timely fashion. With a 5 minute speech, you want to make sure you cover the key points thoroughly, without talking too quickly. You should practice timing yourself after you write your draft so that you know how much time you will use. After you have written the piece, you need to take a break. It is important that you complete this process by looking for one thing at a time. If you try to look for everything all at once by reading through your final document a single time, you are sure to miss things but if you take time to read through it once for spelling, once for grammar, once for organization, etc. then you will find that things magically fall into place. Our academic writing company is committed to provide students with high-quality custom speech writing service available always online.

Read the requirement paper carefullyall of the requirements are in the Essay

Read the requirement paper carefullyall of the requirements are in the documents - Essay Example Thus based on the product the segmentation is decided. Here segmentation will be done based on demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioural variables. Demographic segmentation tends to divide the market in segments based on factors such as gender, age, income and others (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010, p.117). Based on demographic segmentation, Sleep Bug application will be made available to both the genders male and female as the application which is designed for windows phone 7 and iOS are used by both the segments and thus the segmentation are done keeping in mind the female market and the male market segment. The sound and the music along with feature installed in the application have also been developed according to the segments likes and dislikes. Age is the next factor in demographic segmentation, and the sleep bug pro will be segmented to the age group 16 years and above. The reason behind selecting the age bar to 16 years is that since everyone in today’s generati on has an access to iPhone, iPad and iPod therefore the application is made available for all the people within the particular age group so that they can enjoy the application and have a sound and proper sleep. Based on the income level, the application are targeted to those having iPhones, iPod and iPads dividing the segment into middle to higher level of income group who has the capacity to afford an iPhone and related product. Geographic segmentation is the process of segmenting the market by region, market size, climate and also market density (Lamb, Hair & McDaniel, 2008, p. 234). Based on geographic segmentation, Sleep Bug will be segmented on population density to the urban people who have problem while sleeping due to heavy work pressure, and other related problems. Behavioural segmentation segments the market based on the usage of the product. Sleep Bug will segment it for those who are conscious about their health and improve memory as proper sleep will boost up health, pe ople who are fascinated towards new applications , who would use it on regular basis and status conscious that is the segment who are not price sensitive. Based on the above segmentation a detailed customer profile has been developed, Sleep Bug is an application which can be used in Windows Phone 7 and iOS and focus mainly on the customer segment. The target market for Sleep Bug is those segments that suffers from poor sleep, secondly the working group who demands peaceful and sound sleep, thirdly for those who like handling new application and show it as a status symbol. The third target market also includes students apart from the college goers. Analysing the growth of mobile application which is expected to grow from $6.8billion to about $25billion in the next four years (App Muse, 2012), there seems to exists potential customer base helping Sleep Bug to generate revenue and profit in the long run. Task 2 Consumer Behaviour Factors Consumers are the centre for the marketers and w ithout satisfying the customer the marketing manager cannot be termed to be successful in his given task. The behaviour of consumers tends to differ from person to person as each of them behaves in respect to their inner motives. As per the definitions given by Philip Kotler, â€Å"Consumer buying behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of final consumers who buy goods and services for personal

The Progressive Presidents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Progressive Presidents - Research Paper Example Although they had different principles, they had common goals that were to make changes for the improved welfare of the people. As a result, Wilson turned out to be the ‘better’ progressive president while Roosevelt became a representative of the common people (Holmes, 2013). Although both presidents were progressive, they shared different dreams for America’s future. The disparity in priorities and perspectives were evident in their public speeches. Wilson’s speeches were centered on New Freedom while Roosevelt’s speeches focused on New Nationalism (Holmes, 2013). Wilson’s New Freedom facilitated the destruction of trusts to enhance economic competition and ensured survival of small businesses. The federal government used its powers to put an end to all trusts and they were to play a minimal role in regulating businesses thereby any regulation was left in the hands of state governments (Holmes, 2013). On the contrary, Roosevelt’s New N ationalism made way for a greater role for the president and the federal government in dealing with abuses of corporate power and regulation of the economy. New Nationalism and New Freedom differed in their views of the federal government power. Roosevelt wanted to use this power while Wilson did not. Roosevelt’s ‘square deal’ brought back the role of the government as the overseer of activities that took place in the country. His main accomplishment was putting an end to ‘trust busting’ that attacked all corrupt industry companies that had created monopolies in their respective industries. This power was vested upon him by the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 although it was not heavily enforced (Holmes, 2013). He went ahead to attack some of the well established ventures under the accusations that they were practicing unfair business practices and this allowed fair competition. This strengthened the economy and resulted to strong economic growth and h ealthy competition in prices. The other major reform was in railroad regulations. The Hepburn Railway Act gave Roosevelt the power to regulate railroads. This principle helped railroads affordable for those who were financially unstable (Napolitano, 2012). His contribution was also notable in the sphere of the Pure Food and Drug Act and in creation of national parks that improved the comfort of the American people. Roosevelt was a Republican and this was evident in his policies (American Experience, n. d. a). When Wilson entered office, he had similar views with Roosevelt but wanted to accomplish them in a different way. As a Democrat, he reduced taxes by putting in place the Underwood Tariff Act the minimized the impact of trust in those sectors of the economy and increased competition in the economy (American Experience, n. d. b). He set up the Federal Reserve Act that was the national banking system that was not predisposed to economic pressures. This led to the ultimate control of huge ventures to the hands of the government. He established the Federal Trade Commission that investigated companies not complying with Sherman Antitrust Act (Napolitano, 2012). This process was free and fair as companies who felt that were being discriminated against could make a plea in the Supreme Court. This was a constitutional method that enabled a judicial review and it meant that the fate of companies was not left in the hands of a few individuals. Roosevelt

Old English Lyrical Poetry Essay Example for Free

Old English Lyrical Poetry Essay The second part allegorically represents that the troubles of the seaman are the troubles of earthly life and the call of the ocean is the call in the soul to go to its true home with God. The poem is remarkable for (as Legouis puts) The somber and violent pictures it gives of northern seas in which sufferings from cold mingles with the pains of water and wind. The Ruined Burg or the Ruin:- * It is an elegy not for the misfortune of a person but for a place. * The unknown poet laments for the vanished glory of a great city, probably the Roman built city Bath, which was turned into debris by the Anglo-Saxon aggression, Conquest and settlement. * The poem can be divided in three parts- ) First the poet describes the ancient gorgeous buildings now deserted and rootless and tottering. b) Next he goes to muse on its golden past and its adorned and crowded noble princess and warriors. c) Finally he contrasts the runions present with the pompous past. * The poem is remarkable for its nostalgic melancholy and for its descriptive nature. Deor’s Lament: * It is a poem of 42 lines, divided into stanzas and it is included in the Exeter Book. * It is the lamentation of Deor, a scop who after years of service has been supplanted by another minstrel, Herrenda. Finally he consoles himself by considering the misfortune of others. * It is written in strophic form throughout and each strophe ends with a refrain. * There are altogether seven sections in the poem. * In the first five sections, the mentions the adversities that befall others but ends with a note of consolation in the sixth section he speaks of the misfortune of mankind in general. And in the seventh section the poet mentions his own misfortune. In this way the poem is logically well-knit. It remains plainly heathenic in sentiment. The Wife’s Complaint: * It is a kind of monologue. * The narrator is a woman whose husband has left her and gone to the sea. She is forced to live in an old dwelling dug out of earth under oak by her husbands relatives. She sitting under the tree laments over her miserable lot all day. Friendless and fore shaken she bewails her loneliness and the vows of love that have come to nothing. * The poem is rich in melancholy feeling. The Husbandâ€℠¢s Message: * It exists in fragments. A good many lines of this poem are lost for ever. * An exiled husband sends his message to his wife by means of letters carved on a piece of wood. The wood tells the wife its own life story and its journey in a ship. It tells her that though the circumstances let her husband out of home he has been able to gain a position of wealth and dignity. Finally it bids her to join with her husband in the place of exile. * To some critics the poem is a sequel to The Wifes Complaint but some would to see it as an independent poem.

Comparing Themes in Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five Essay

Comparing Themes in Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout his career, Kurt Vonnegut has used writing as a tool to convey penetrating messages and ominous warnings about our society. He skillfully combines vivid imagery with a distinctly satirical and anecdotal style to explore complex issues such as religion and war. Two of his most well known, and most gripping, novels that embody this subtle talent are Cat's Cradle and Slaughterhouse-Five. Both books represent Vonnegut’s genius for manipulating fiction to reveal glaring, disturbing and occasionally redemptive truths about human nature. On the surface, Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse-Five are dramatically different novels, each with its own characters, symbols, and plot. However, a close examination reveals that both contain common themes and ideas. Examining and comparing the two novels and their presentation of different themes provides a unique insight into both the novels and the author – allowing the reader to gain a fuller understanding of Vonnegutâ₠¬â„¢s true meaning. One of the most prevalent themes in Vonnegut’s works is religion. In the early pages of Cat’s Cradle, Vonnegut submits his contention that "a useful religion can be founded on lies (Vonnegut, Cats Cradle 16)," meaning that, fundamentally, religion is about people, not about faith or God. Reminiscent of Karl Marx’s description of religion as the "opiate of the masses," he describes all religions as mere collections of "harmless untruths" that help people cope with their lives. The Book of Bokonon in Cat's Cradle represents this portrait of religion at both its dreariest and its most uplifting, Bokononism is contradictory, paradoxical, and founded on lies; its followers are aware of this... ...refree tone highlights them by providing irony and contrast. This unparalleled ability to seamlessly combine a light tone with serious theme is what distinguishes Kurt Vonnegut from other writers, Although Cat's Cradle and Slaughterhouse-Five share common themes, the presentation of each of the themes is different in each book. The two novels complement each othe, and comparing both can provide a higher level of understanding for each. Vonnegut never forces his opinions - he makes statements by asking questions, and presents his themes through subtle, but powerful stories, His goal is to get readers to re-examine, not necessarily to change, their lives, morals, and values. Themes such as death, war, and religion are as old as literature itself, yet Vonnegut adds a unique twist to them, inviting the reader to look at these issues from an entirely new perspective.   

Renaissance in Harlem City in the Viewpoint of Toni Morrison’s Jazz Essay

â€Å"Jazz†, a novel by Toni Morrison, is a chronicle of the lives and struggles of the African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance in the United States. The novel begins with an African-American community in Harlem New York in the year 1926. What makes it a credible commentary on that specific period in the history of the United States and that of the African-American people is the vivid description of the author of the â€Å"glittering city (Morrison 1992)† of Harlem, the setting of the novel. Not only was the description accurate and vivid in accordance to the historical account of Harlem Renaissance but most importantly it has become a novel that encodes the way of life of every African- American during the said historical period. In the novel, the â€Å"City† has always been very important in the representation of the Black community, not only as a city within the city but the very essence of Black existence during the 1920’s. The historical backdrop of this novel is the 1920’s United States better known as the â€Å"Age of Prosperity† for most Americans because of the end of the First World War. Americans lead a new way of living that is free from German Imperialism. After the war, the African American soldiers looked forward for their freedom but never had one. Even after slavery was abolished, African Americans still have to work in cotton and sugar cane plantations. During this period, about 90% of the African Americans in the South were suffering and they viewed the North as a place of dignity, opportunity, and freedom. This period paved way to â€Å"The Great Migration† where African- Americans migrated from south to north en masse particularly Harlem, New York. Even when they confronted another kind of racism in their new community, they somehow led a better and more decent life. The rise of the Harlem Renaissance heralds a paradise that is discrimination-safe for the African- Americans. The Harlem Renaissance as Depicted by Harlem City in â€Å"Jazz† As stated earlier, the city has become the sole instrument of the novel in making its account of the historical period vivid and interesting. The city represents many different aspects of the African-American life which makes this novel a credible account of the African-American life during the Harlem Renaissance. By using the Harlem City as the setting of the novel, it makes the novel more grounded to the historical period where it is based from. This essay will examine the importance of the â€Å"City† in the development of the novel as well as its effects to the reader’s interpretation of it. Our first account of the city is found in Chapter 1 of the novel. In the words of an omniscient narrator: A city like this one makes me dream tall and feel in on things. Hep. It’s the bright steel rocking above the shade below that does it. When I looked over strips of green grass lining the river, at church steeples and into the cream-and-copper halls of the apartment buildings, I’m strong. Alone, yes, but top-notched and indestructible—like this City in 1926 when all wars are over and there will be another one. The people down there are happy about that. At last, at last, everything’s ahead. The A&P hires a colored clerk. Big legged woman with pink kitty tongues roll money into green tubes for later on; then they laugh and put their arms around each other. I like the way the City makes people think they can do what they want and get away with it. I see them all over the place: wealthy whites and plain ones too, pile into mansions decorated and redecorated by black women richer than they are, and both are pleased with the spectacle of the other (Morrison 1992). The first sentence suggests that the narrator sees â€Å"this† city as different and unique among the cities that he has been as suggested by the article â€Å"a†. This city, he contends, makes him dream big things and actually keep in touch with it. Basing on the backdrop of the novel, the Harlem Renaissance has brought about changes in the lives of the African- Americans. The Harlem City in particular has become a new haven for the African-American migrants from the South to find a new and better life that is free of all the oppression and discrimination that they experienced. This dream is not specified by the narrator. However, I see dreaming (whether tall, big, or small) as something that is treasured by the African- Americans for only in this city that they were able to dream whatever dreams they have for themselves as an individual and as a group of people. To be able to dream is already a dream come true for the African- Americans who sought for another world for cultural recognition and self identity. Though the dream was not specified, it can be deduced that this dream is that of the freedom to actually dream. Moreover, it is freedom to live in a place where they can be who they are. The second sentence further speaks of the African- Americans newfound life. The narrator speaks of the city as the reason of his strength. This presupposes the fact that the narrator felt that he was weak prior to his arrival in the city. In placing the novel into the historical backdrop of Harlem Renaissance, African- Americans especially in the South were treated as inferiors in relation to the Whites. They were seen as weak and a lesser class of humans by the Whites. Furthermore, they were reduced to slavery as if brandishing them that role as their only role in America. However, as the passage suggests, this inferiority and weakness has been replaced by pride and strength. As a matter of fact, not only was the city a haven where discrimination and oppression among the African- Americans were inexistent, it has also become a place where they can dwell and live like normal Americans as suggested by an employment of an African- American woman as a clerk in A&P. The role of slaves as a stereotyped job of African- Americans is already eradicated in the city. As a matter of fact, Blacks and Whites are in the city devoid of any differences and were living harmoniously with each other as suggested by the last sentence of the passage: the Whites and the Blacks are pleased to just accomplish their roles (richer Black women decorating the houses of the Whites). The words â€Å"top-notched† and â€Å"indestructible† in the third sentence suggests the confidence that the African- Americans gain in living in Harlem. They see it as the end of their struggle for equality and the end of every possibility of oppression. As told by the narrator, even when he is alone he felt that the city is with him. Because of this, both of them (the city and the narrator) feel indestructible. The city has become a sanctuary for African- Americans from all the oppression and discrimination. If we look back in history, the Harlem has been the place where most of the African- Americans from the south migrated for they found the city as a place of greener pastures. They find Harlem City as a place where they can start new lives and celebrate their unique cultural identities. Lastly, the fourth sentence sums up the real feeling and sensibilities of the narrator and the African- Americans in general on living in the City. The narrator says that the people are really happy not only with the end of the war and the struggles but also of their newfound freedom in the city. The phrase â€Å"at last† suggests that this happiness and freedom have always been yearned by African- Americans. They finally experienced the happiness that they always sought for in Harlem City. In this sense, the city has become an embodiment of an emancipated African- Americans from their battle for equality. The Harlem Renaissance has always been considered as the spiritual coming of age of the Black community where African-Americans were able to foster group recognition and self determination. The Element of Setting in Historical Fiction The difference between settings and events that are based on historical facts and those based on the imagination of the author is mainly objectivity. Events in a historical fiction are always patterned in real and hard facts of history. While other elements of the story such as characters and plots might be different, there would always be a cast from which the author will based his or her settings, characters, and plots. It is not a requisite that the whole set of facts should be accurately depicted such as writing histories, it is already enough that the facts are presented accurately to serve the purpose of a historical backdrop for the development of a work of art such as fiction. Historical novel need not lie in the historical worlds they create but in the relationship between the world and the chief actors. Historical novels can be meticulous in depicting the larger contexts of an era while creating either the chief actors in that world or giving them undocumented thoughts and actions (Berkhofer et al 1997). † In the novel, Morrison patterned the event to that of the Harlem Renaissance. From the beginning of â€Å"The Great Migration† as illustrated by most of the major characters moving from the South to the North. Moreover, it is also evident in the passage cited above that the narrator is new to the place which indicates that he is a migrant. He sees the place as something different and strange which suggests that he is new in the place. However, there is no indication that the characters were patterned into some particular historical figure. But it is apparent that even though there were no particular persons involved in the development of the characters, they are still patterned towards possibilities and tendencies of the people that lived in that particular era, that is, African- Americans during the Renaissance. The sensibilities and actions of the characters are always influenced by the happenings and the circumstances of the times. For instance, the narrator’s attitude and feeling towards the city is a typical African- American reaction to a place that has brought freedom to their community. On one hand, events and settings that are based on the imagination of the author are highly subjective. They are basically unrestrained and unconfined that the author is free to just create and invent any event, setting, plot, and characters without having to sanction these elements to facts or history. The possibilities are endless so that authors would not need to concern themselves with accuracy nor loyalty to any source. Historical Literary Criticism as a Tool in Understanding â€Å"Jazz† It has been argued that historical point of view or knowledge as a method in literary criticism would render our interpretation of literature more objective. With historical literary criticism, our interpretation of the text is sanctioned on the subject’s relevance, relationship, and influence of the historical period where it is written. It is not merely a baseless interpretation; it is an interpretation with a historical ground. This is for the reason that history is â€Å" a bedrock of objective facts and data that give credence to any empirical discipline. † It is believed that literature that is based on history would be more realistic. â€Å"The objective ground of history is precisely that which enables the subjective elements which constitute literary texts to function beyond the aesthetic (Green 1995). In other words, our knowledge of the historical events, figures, and background would make our interpretation more accurate for it is more objective. Not only would it provide a ground for the understanding of the facts and events of the past but also of that particular period’s attitudes, perception, thoughts, and ideologies about the world. In the novel, Harlem Renaissance is not just used as a historical background to quantify or justify the tendencies of the characters and the vividness of the setting and events, but also the commentaries and ideologies that the African- Americans have during the period. For instance, the novel incorporated the historical event of the Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance not only to give the novel more accuracy and objectivity but also to assert the Black’s attitude towards racism and their yearning to assert their identities through music and other forms of art with the help of the â€Å"glittering city (Morrison 1992)†. The reader’s knowledge of the historical background of a work of fiction would help him/her understand the contexts of the novel that would render his/her interpretation in an objective path. As earlier mentioned, historical background and details would make a work of literature more grounded. However, this is not the case with anachronism. This is the worst sin that a historian or a historical fictionist could commit. To represent something outside the supposed context of the historical period would thwart the interpretation and knowledge of the readers upon the text and the historical event itself. In the novel, there are no cases of anachronism for Toni Morrison is a reliable source of the lives of the African- Americans as she is one of them herself. As far as the city life is concerned, she has not only depicted it clearly but also reflected its ideologies very accurately as stated in earlier paragraphs. Though it would be difficult to avoid anachronism for every writer will always interpret historical facts in their own subjective ways, it is highly recommended that writers especially historical fiction writers which has purposes of being objective rather than just being aesthetic should stick to the original. In this way, they would not only remain faithful to history where it is basing its vividness, accuracy, and reliability but also serve a higher purpose of informing readers the ideologies and sensibilities of every historical period and figure that has shaped the world.

Nursing Research Class Notes Essay

Nursing research is the process that underpins all the other things we have talked about. How was it determined that one particular way of carrying out nursing care was better than another way? How was it decided that a particular framework of understanding will explain certain behaviors better than another? When we discussed frameworks of understanding or conceptual models earlier in the course you learnt that there are various ways of viewing mental illness were discussed and the treatments were based upon eradicating or fixing the cause. This can be described as ways of knowing and ways of intervening. These beliefs came about as the result of research. That is asking, and trying to answer such questions as â€Å"Why does this occur?†, â€Å"Does this treatment work better than that treatment?†, â€Å"How do we know?†, â€Å"Do more people improve if we do this rather than that?†. Research is a way of gaining knowledge about concerns that psychiatric nurses have. What is the best way to help this client with this particular distress?† â€Å"Is there any evidence that suggests that this way of caring is better than that?† Nursing research is relatively new in some ways but in other ways gathering-nursing knowledge has been going on since the early days of nursing. Women learned through watching and observing what treatments worked best. This is one particular kind of knowledge. Potter and Perry discuss this in Chapter 5 â€Å"Nurses Ways of Knowing†. Ethical, personal, esthetic knowledge was identified and scientific became one more way of knowing. In terms of nursing research we can re turn to Florence Nightingale who of course made the observation that there were more deaths closer to the open sewer than there were for men whose beds were further away. This is an excellent example of drawing a conclusion by making observations thereby developing new knowledge. Research itself is a way of developing knowledge but there are other ways of developing knowledge. They are differentially respected and acknowledged but each is a way of `knowing’. When you take your research course in fourth year you will learn more about the various kinds of research. For now I just want to highlight the major ways of gathering knowledge. This is Chapter 5 in Potter and Perry and there is also reference to research in Stuart and Laraia under Evidenced Based Practice p 76-83. The opening section of the chapter in Potter and Perry gives a little background on the emergence of nursing practice and theory. Nursing science came into its own: no longer a discipline applying the knowledge of other disciplines but a unique body of knowledge. A good activity for you to consider doing is to go onto the Library website and click on journal holdings, once there search psychiatric nursing. Journals that publish the results of nursing research and in particular psychiatric nursing are a very important part of your reading and learning how to read a research article is an important skill to develop. We will discuss this further momentarily, for now I want now to review ways of gaining knowledge. 1. Tradition certain beliefs are accepted sometimes without too much enquiry. Its â€Å"we’ve always done it that way†. This may be good but sometimes it is appropriate to question these traditions. 2. Expert Authority: Asking an expert or authority is a very common way of gathering information. All of us ask for information from time to time but we also have to be somewhat cautious about confusing information and knowledge. But certainly we do seek out knowledge and assistance from others. There are, of course, some limitations since not all authorities are always right and like tradition, we do not always challenge this knowledge. 3. Experience A lot of what we know we have learned ourselves. Children certainly do this all the time. Sometimes through unfortunate experience like putting their little hand on a hot stove: Learning is also part of knowledge acquisition. But we also solve problems from experience. Like, if I turn off the alarm and don’t get out of bed in the morning, I am late for work. So we learn not to do that. The ability to generalize and recognize patterns and make predictions is one of the hallmarks of the human mind and has been a large part of how our ancestors developed knowledge. It is always rains every time there are black clouds, then the next time you see black clouds, rain is predicted.. But there are limitations, first each person’s experience may be too limited to generalize all the time. Maybe black clouds predicting rain only occurs in your part of the world for some environmental reason. Secondly your personal experiences may be colored by biases. 4. Investigating Ideas: Where would we be if no one pursued their ideas for instance, testing molds for their antibiotic value That the earth is not flat but round 5. Reasoning or Problem Solving Thinking through problems and finding solutions. There are two intellectual methods used in reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions and generalizations from specific observation. For example a nurse may observe anxious behavior in children who are removed from their parents and conclude that separation is a stressful event.. Deductive reasoning. This is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles. For example, if you assume that separation anxiety occurs in children removed from their parents then you may predict that children, in your hospital will show signs of anxiety. So we have gone from a general assumption to a specific’ situation. So, induction is to make or develop a theory from actual observation or grounded in observation. Deduction is to have a hypothesis or a theory and then test it. These terms will become important when you are considering qualitative and quantitative research. Both of these reasoning systems are important for you to think about. They are both useful. But errors can also occur or faulty reasoning. However it may lead to the development of questions 6. The scientific method, which is considered the most objective and accurate way of developing knowledge. However, it, too, can certainly be questioned as you may discover but it is also considered one of the primary ways of developing knowledge. Beginning on p. 85 of Potter and Perry they describe the characteristics of research with a number of definitions you need to study. The sooner you grasp these concepts the better off you will be in future courses. To understand the research process and for your future endeavors I like to begin with the components of a research article in a journal. I have briefly described these below: Title: A succinct description of key elements of the study Running head: Usually a two to three word description of the key elements of the study, which runs at the top of each page. Abstract: A succinct paragraph describing key features of the study, the population studied, the variables manipulated; the findings and discussion point. Usually of 150 words or so. Literature Review: A summary of key research findings from other studies, which lead into your study. If you are studying in a new emerging field this may be short; if in a well established area it may be lengthy or, it might focus on one key area for instance of child development (i.e. there are numerous areas of child development-your study may be focused on cognitive development so it is not required to review all areas of child development within the literature review). The review should provide the reader with an understanding of the area, without missing key studies and without losing the audience with obscurely related information. The literature review should cover research related to your key variables of interest and should draw the reader into your hypotheses. Hypothesis: what you think the relationship between variables is. Depending on the level of research one might have an exploratory hypothesis or you may have predictive hypotheses suggesting the results are going to be in the direction of (one way or the other). This might be a good time to review any of the terms used thus far in Potter and Perry and especially look at table 6-2 which describes levels of research. It is difficult to keep a complex topic simple. Method: The method contains subsections. It usually begins with a description of the sample (who did you interview, who comprised your sample (children, parents, university students etc). One would also find how the sample was selected (was it randomized, was it a captured audience, was it every blonde haired blue eyed left handed boy) Detail is expected. The method section will also describe the research design and procedures. Both are essential for someone else who might say I don’t believe these results. I want to try and replicate the study. Which has been done with interesting results in many areas. Research designs are very complex and influence the type of statistical analysis that can be done. I refer you back to table 6-2 for a beginning understanding of this. Test in struments and their reliability and validity are also expected in the methodology section. Identification of independent and dependent variables would also be described here. The independent variable is that variable you are manipulating i.e. temperature of the room; the dependent variable are the observations you are making i.e. number of complaints of room temperature in a given interval of time. Results: This section will go through sample characteristics, main findings described pictorially sometimes in graphs or may be tables. Results are described matter of factly with little interpretation. Limitations of the study: these become important to the conclusions one can draw. For example if I were studying teen pregnancy and the needs of young mothers and my group ended up being older teens would this be representative of younger teens. Conclusions: This is where results can be interpreted and tied back to the literature review. Were findings supportive to the hypothesis or not and if not what might explain the findings. Implications for nursing practice: it would be found in nursing research studies, not often in other research. The application of nurs ing research is an important area for future discussion. As psychiatric nurses we must however be able to critique research. Sometimes it is conducted under ideal conditions where there is control over a number of variables and there may be difficulty applying it in the real world. That is perhaps why observations of a patient’s behavior may be better to understand their experience in the real world. Research is the use of a series of steps to gather objective knowledge and nursing research of course is the study of phenomenon of interest to nurses, which is often the patient’s response to illness and nursing interventions. The second point there is control but we have to understand what scientific research is attempting to state. It is the relationships between 2 variables. That is, if I do one thing will it influence another? So just to take a simple nursing example, we might theorize or predict that a patient who lies on their back for long periods will develop pressure sores. So if the patient is turned frequently and does not develop pressure sores we might conclude that turning is related to unbroken skin. Say, however, at the same time as turning the patient’s skin is gently massaged; now we can’t tell if it is the turning or the massage that resulted in the unbroken and healthy skin. So this is what is meant by control of external factors. Sometimes you may hear this referred to as level of control over the variables of interest. If you are using the scientific method then you probably have a hypothesis you want to test and you would set up your experiment to either prove or disprove. This would be quantitative research. But if you are observing a phenomenon and want to study it in its natural state then you are more likely doing qualitative research. Qualitative research is particularly well suited to psychiatric nursing because it. involves gathering information about people’s experiences which we could use an instrument to assess which would give us a quantitative measure i.e., how traumatized were you 0-10. Asking a person to tell their story gives us significantly more information. Methods can be combined. The ethnographic qualitative research method tends to look at humans in their natural environment. This research always takes place in the field often over a long time. Collection and analysis of data takes place concurrently, as insights are gained new questions may emerge. Often the opinions of the people under study are sought which is very different from quantitative research where opinions and feelings are not considered valid. You will become m ore proficient at reading, understanding and critiquing research but there is no reason why you should not be locating and reading nursing research journals now. Research Principles and terms The practice of Psychiatric Nursing is guided by nursing knowledge. As a profession nursing has developed a unique body of knowledge, which guides the practice of nursing. There is a number of ways in which knowledge is developed and disseminated. They are listed in Potter & Perry. Question: State 6 ways of acquiring knowledge. Polit and Hungler (1997) use these terms to describe the scientific research method: †¦Disciplined Research. Research conducted within a disciplined format is the most sophisticated method of acquiring knowledge that humans have developed. Nursing research combines aspects of logical reasoning with other features to create systems of problem solving that, although fallible, tend to be more reliable than tradition, authority, personal experience, intuition, or inductive or deductive reasoning alone. (P.11) The scientific method does have its drawbacks however, it is conducted under ideal conditions and sometimes there may be difficulties in applying it to the real world. There are however two main categories of research Quantitative and Qualitative. Quantitative research follows the scientific model and has a series of clearly defined steps. Quantitative research Process Identify an issue Gather information? State the hypothesis? Review the literature? Design the study? Gather the data? Evaluate the findings Qualitative Research Qualitative research differs from quantitative in that it is a less linear process. It more often involves gathering information about individuals by observing them in their natural environment or through interviews. This type of research takes place â€Å"in the field† rather than the laboratory. The information is rich and varied and subject to the interpretation of the researcher. This is one of its limitations. Nurse researchers can be involved in either quantitative or qualitative research, but most importantly, nursing research should be able to be applied to psychiatric nursing practice. Here is a list of some research projects of psychiatric nurses: Examples of research studies conducted by nurses in Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health topics: Client expectation and perception of the nurse’s role in re lationship to client satisfaction. A comparative study of widows’ and widowers’ perceived social support during the first year of bereavement. The effects of cognitive-behavioral nursing intervention for depressed patients and their families. Factors affecting staff nurses’ use of limit setting with disruptive patients. Nurses’ attitudes toward the suicidal patient. Nursing interventions with long-term patients in regard to their physical appearance: An evaluation study. The nurse’s therapeutic use of touch as related to withdrawn patients. Observable signs of anxiety or distress during psychiatric interviews conducted by nurses. Patient and situational factors that affect nursing students’ like or dislike of caring for patients A study of alcoholic patients’ perception of the role of the nurse. A study of the confidence level of nurses in caring for patients with depression. A study of psychiatric patients’ knowledge about their prescribed medications. Question: What do you think would be a good research topic for psychiatric nurses? Some terms to Learn in Relation to Research